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首先最好能获取一个免费代理，来继续下面的阅读和实验
也可以在本机设置代理，具体流程由于比较敏感，请自行搜索
代理设置成功后的测试网站是 http://www.httpbin.org/get , 访问该链接可以得到请求相关的信息，返回结果中的 origin 字段就是客户端的 IP ， 我们可以根据它判断代理是否设置成功
urllib 的代理设置
from urllib.error import URLError
from urllib.request import ProxyHandler, build_openerproxy = '218.87.205.240:22927'
proxy_handles = ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://' + proxy,'https': 'https://' + proxy
})opener = build_opener(proxy_handles)
try:response = opener.open('https://www.httpbin.org/get')print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
except URLError as e:print(e.reason)
这里需要借助 ProxyHandler 对象设置代理， 参数是字典类型的数据，键名是协议类型， 键值是代理地址（注意，此处的代理地址前面需要地址前面加上协议， 即 http:// 或者 https://）, 当请求的链接使用的是 HTTPS 协议时， 使用 http 对应的代理地址， 当请求链接使用的是 HTTPS 协议时， 使用 https 键名对应的地址。
创建完 ProxyHandler 对象之后， 调用 build_opener 方法传入该对象， 创建一个 Opener 对象，赋值为 opener 变量， 相当于此对象已经设置好了代理，。直接调用 opener 的 open 方法就可以访问该链接了
如果代理需要认证的话，只需要修改 proxy 变量就可以了
proxy = 'username:password@218.87.205.240:22927'
如果是 SOCKS 类型，那么可以这样设置
import socks
import socket
from urllib.error import URLError
from urllib import requestsocks.set_default_proxy(socks.SOCKS5, '218.87.205.240', 22927)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
try:response = request.urlopen('https://www.httpbin.org/get')print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
except URLError as e:print(e.reason)
这里需要导入一个 socks 模块， 安装命令： pip install PySocks
requests 代理设置
import requestsproxy = '218.87.205.240:22927'
proxies = {'http': 'http://' + proxy,'https': 'https://' + proxy
}
try:response = requests.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get', proxies=proxies)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:print(e.args)
如果需要认证
proxy = 'username:password@218.87.205.240:22927'
如果代理类型是 SOCKS
import requestsproxy = '218.87.205.240:22927'
proxies = {'http': 'socks5://' + proxy,'https': 'socks5://' + proxy
}
try:response = requests.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get', proxies=proxies)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:print(e.args)
另外还有一种设置 SOCKS 代理的方法， 即使用 socks 模块，需要安装 socks 库
import requests
import socks
import socketsocks.set_default_proxy(socks.SOCKS5, '218.87.205.240', 22927)
socket.socket = socks.socksocket
try:response = requests.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get', proxies=proxies)print(response.text)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:print(e.args)
和上面的效果是一样的
httpx 的代理设置
import httpxproxy = '218.87.205.240:22927'
proxies = {'http://': 'socks5://' + proxy,'https://': 'socks5://' + proxy
}
try:with httpx.Client(proxies=proxies) as client:response = client.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get')print(response.text)
except:print('Error')
如果报错说，少库， 就按照提示， 手动安装一下
如果需要认证
proxy = 'username:password@218.87.205.240:22927'
对于 SOCKS 代理， 需要安装 httpx-socks[asyncio] 库 pip install httpx-socks[asyncio]
同步模式
import httpx
from httpx_socks import SyncProxyTransporttransport = SyncProxyTransport.from_url('socks5://218.87.205.240:22927')with httpx.Client(transport=transport) as client:response = client.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get')print(response.text)
异步模式
import httpx
import asyncio
from httpx_socks import AsyncProxyTransporttransport = AsyncProxyTransport.from_url('socks5://218.87.205.240:22927')async def main():async with httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport) as client:response = await client.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get')print(response.text)if __name__ == '__main__':asyncio.run(main())
Selenium 代理设置
from selenium import webdriverproxy = '218.87.205.240:22927'
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://' + proxy)
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
browser.get('https://www.httpbin.org/get')
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()
如果需要认证
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import zipfileip = '127.0.0.1'
port = 7890
username = 'foo'
password = 'bar'manifest_json = """{"version":"1.0.0","manifest_version": 2,"name":"Chrome Proxy","permissions": ["proxy","tabs","unlimitedStorage","storage","<all_urls>","webRequest","webRequestBlocking"],"background": {"scripts": ["background.js"]}
}
"""
background_js = """
var config = {mode: "fixed_servers",rules: {singleProxy: {scheme: "http",host: "%(ip) s",port: %(port) s}}}chrome.proxy.settings.set({value: config, scope: "regular"}, function() {});function callbackFn(details) {return {authCredentials: {username: "%(username) s",password: "%(password) s"}}
}chrome.webRequest.onAuthRequired.addListener(callbackFn,{urls: ["<all_urls>"]},['blocking']
)
""" % {'ip': ip, 'port': port, 'username': username, 'password': password}plugin_file = 'proxy_auth_plugin.zip'
with zipfile.ZipFile(plugin_file, 'w') as zp:zp.writestr("manifest.json", manifest_json)zp.writestr("background.js", background_js)
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
options.add_extension(plugin_file)
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
browser.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()
这里在本地创建了一个 manifest.json 配置文件 和 backgound.js 脚本来设置认证代理，运行代码后， 本地会生成一个 proxy_auth_plugin.zip 文件来保存当前配置
SOCKS 代理设置
from selenium import webdriverproxy = '127.0.0.1:7891'
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--proxy-server=socks5://' + proxy)
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
browser.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()
aiohttp 的代理设置
import asyncio
import aiohttpproxy = 'http://127.0.0.1:7890'async def main():async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:async with session.get('https://httpbin.org/get', proxy=proxy) as response:print(await response.text())if __name__ == '__main__':asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
如果需要认证：
proxy = 'http://username:password@http://127.0.0.1:7890'
SOCKS 代理设置， 需要安装一个支持库 pip install aiohttp-socks
import asyncio
import aiohttp
from aiohttp_socks import ProxyConnector, ProxyType# connector = ProxyConnector.from_url('socks5://127.0.0.1:7891')connector = ProxyConnector(proxy_type=ProxyType.HTTP,host='127.0.0.1',port=7890,# username='user',# password='password',# rdns=True
)async def main():async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector) as session:async with session.get('https://httpbin.org/get') as response:print(await response.text())if __name__ == '__main__':asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
Pyppeteer 的代理设置
对于 pyppeteer ，默认的是 Chrome 的 Chromium 浏览器
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launchproxy = '127.0.0.1:7890'async def main():browser = await launch({'args': ['--proxy-server=http://' + proxy], 'headless': False})page = await browser.newPage()await page.goto('https://httpbin.org/get')print(await page.content())await browser.close()if __name__ == '__main__':asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
SOCKS 代理设置
import asyncio
from pyppeteer import launchproxy = '127.0.0.1:7891'async def main():browser = await launch({'args': ['--proxy-server=socks5://' + proxy], 'headless': False})page = await browser.newPage()await page.goto('https://httpbin.org/get')print(await page.content())await browser.close()if __name__ == '__main__':asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
PlayWright 的代理设置
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False, proxy={'server': 'http://127.0.0.1:7890'})page = browser.new_page()page.goto('https://httpbin.org/get')print(page.content())browser.close()
在调用 launch 方法的时候， 可以传入 proxy 参数， 它是一个字典， 其中有一个必填的字段叫作 server 这里我们直接填入 HTTP 代理的地址即可
需要认证的时候
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch(proxy={'server': 'http://127.0.0.1:7890','username': 'foo','password': 'bar'})page = browser.new_page()page.goto('https://httpbin.org/get')print(page.content())browser.close()
SOCKS 代理
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch(proxy={'server': 'socks5://127.0.0.1:7891'})page = browser.new_page()page.goto('https://httpbin.org/get')print(page.content())browser.close()