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阅读材料
- Xv6代码:memlayout.h、start.c、kernelvec.S
- 教材5.4节
CLINT内存映射
实际上,CLINT还包括若干个MSIP寄存器,用来触发软件中断,但是在Xv6中不考虑软件中断,因此这些寄存器也不用考虑
// core local interruptor (CLINT), which contains the timer.
#define CLINT 0x2000000L
#define CLINT_MTIMECMP(hartid) (CLINT + 0x4000 + 8*(hartid))
#define CLINT_MTIME (CLINT + 0xBFF8) // cycles since boot.
time_scratch数组
timer_scratch二维数组为每个HART分配了40字节的内存,内存的作用如下图所示
// a scratch area per CPU for machine-mode timer interrupts.
uint64 timer_scratch[NCPU][5];
时钟初始化
该函数被start()函数调用,此时,系统还处于M模式下。该函数完成下列工作:
- 初始化mtimecmp寄存器
- 保存mtimecmp寄存器MMIO映射到的物理地址到scratch[3]中
- 保存时钟间隔到scratch[4]
- 将scratch的地址保存到mscratch寄存器当中
- 将timervec汇编函数的地址写入mtvec当中
- 使能M模式下的时钟中断和M模式下的全局中断开关
void timerinit()
{// each CPU has a separate source of timer interrupts.int id = r_mhartid();// ask the CLINT for a timer interrupt.int interval = 1000000; // cycles; about 1/10th second in qemu.*(uint64*)CLINT_MTIMECMP(id) = *(uint64*)CLINT_MTIME + interval;// prepare information in scratch[] for timervec.// scratch[0..2] : space for timervec to save registers.// scratch[3] : address of CLINT MTIMECMP register.// scratch[4] : desired interval (in cycles) between timer interrupts.uint64 *scratch = &timer_scratch[id][0];scratch[3] = CLINT_MTIMECMP(id);scratch[4] = interval;w_mscratch((uint64)scratch);// set the machine-mode trap handler.w_mtvec((uint64)timervec);// enable machine-mode interrupts.w_mstatus(r_mstatus() | MSTATUS_MIE);// enable machine-mode timer interrupts.w_mie(r_mie() | MIE_MTIE);
}
时钟中断处理程序
当发生时钟中断的时候,会跳转到该汇编函数。该函数处理流程如下:
- 原子交换a0和mscratch寄存器,这样a0将持有sratch数组的首地址
- 保存a1、a2、a3寄存器的值到sratch数组中,因为我们后续要用到这3个寄存器
- 给mtimecmp寄存器加上时钟间隔,用于下次的时钟中断
- 手动触发S模式下的软件中断
- 恢复a1、a2、a3寄存器和mscratch寄存器
- 执行mret指令返回操作系统
## machine-mode timer interrupt.#
.globl timervec
.align 4
timervec:# start.c has set up the memory that mscratch points to:# scratch[0,8,16] : register save area.# scratch[24] : address of CLINT's MTIMECMP register.# scratch[32] : desired interval between interrupts.csrrw a0, mscratch, a0sd a1, 0(a0)sd a2, 8(a0)sd a3, 16(a0)# schedule the next timer interrupt# by adding interval to mtimecmp.ld a1, 24(a0) # CLINT_MTIMECMP(hart)ld a2, 32(a0) # intervalld a3, 0(a1)add a3, a3, a2sd a3, 0(a1)# arrange for a supervisor software interrupt# after this handler returns.li a1, 2csrw sip, a1ld a3, 16(a0)ld a2, 8(a0)ld a1, 0(a0)csrrw a0, mscratch, a0mret
参考资料
3. 处理时钟中断 | XV6 源代码阅读指南 (gitbook.io)
The xv6 Kernel-13 entry.S + start.c_哔哩哔哩_bilibili