两个类比
asm与lvm比较
asm实例与oracle实例比较
ASM是OMF的一个扩展，通过ASM和OMF的结合，oracle在上层将数据文件进行自我管理，在底层将存储进行自我管理。同时，ASM模式下，备份恢复只能由rman来承担，真正做到了“3M融合”。同时也是向上兼容的体现，简化RAC中存储端的配置。
oracle将extents播撒在它所管理的磁盘组的磁盘上，与LVM基本对应。
ASM diskgroup VG
ASM disk PV
ASM file LV
ASM实例和oracle实例都是由SGA和一堆后台进程构成，但他们所面对的对象是不同的，oracle实例管理的是数据库，而ASM实例用于对磁盘组的管理。
启动和停止实例的命令也基本一样。
NOMOUNT ：仅启动实例
MOUNT 、OPEN：启动实例并加载磁盘，注意加载的是磁盘组，OPEN选项对于ASM实例无意义，等同于MOUNT
FORCE ：相当于先执行shutdown abort，然后再startup
但是，ASM 实例没有数据字典之类的东东存储用户系统。
[root@rac02 ~]# acfsutil --helpUsage: acfsutil [-h] command ... # (Version 11.2.0.1.0.0)-h - helpCommand Subcmd Arguments -------- ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------help - display this messageversion - display ACFS version informationinfo fs - Display all ACFS file systemsinfo fs [<path> ...] - Display specific ACFS file sysinfo fs -o <item> <path> - Display specific file sys item:info fs -o freespace, totalspace,info fs -o mountpoints, volumes,info fs -o available, ismountpoint,info fs -o isavailable, iscorrupt,info fs -o isadvm, diskgroup,info fs -o redundancy, resizeincrement,info fs -o stripewidth, stripecolumns,info fs -o primaryvolumeinfo file <path> [<path> ...] - Display specific file infoinfo id <file-identifier> <mountpoint> -info id Display the pathname associated with the giveninfo id ACFS file identifier and mountpoint.rmfs <device> - Remove unmounted ACFS file syssize [-|+]nnn[K|M|G|T|P] [-d <device>] <path> - Resize file system registry [-l] - Display registry contents registry -l <mountpoint> - Display a specific mount point registry -l <device> - Display a specific device registry -m <device> - Display a specific mount point associated with a device registry -a [-f] [-o <opts>] [-n <nodes>] <device> <mountpoint> - Add a mount point registry -d [<mountpoint> | <device>] - Delete a mount point or a devicetune AcfsMaxOpenFiles - Maximum number of open filestune (Windows only)snap create <snap_name> <mountpoint> - create a file system snapshotsnap delete <snap_name> <mountpoint> - delete a file system snapshot [root@rac02 ~]# acfsutil registry -l Device : /dev/asm/archlv-215 : Mount Point : /archive : Options : none : Nodes : all : Disk Group : ARCH : Volume : ARCHLV [root@rac02 ~]# acfsutil info fs /archiveACFS Version: 11.2.0.1.0.0flags: MountPoint,Availablemount time: Wed Nov 19 16:22:33 2014volumes: 1total size: 107105746944total free: 65709084672primary volume: /dev/asm/archlv-215label:flags: Primary,Available,ADVMon-disk version: 39.0allocation unit: 4096major, minor: 252, 110081size: 107105746944free: 65709084672ADVM diskgroup ARCHADVM resize increment: 268435456ADVM redundancy: unprotectedADVM stripe columns: 4ADVM stripe width: 131072number of snapshots: 0snapshot space usage: 0
####oracle ASM 安装这三个包
[root@rac01 /]# rpm -qa|grep oracl
oracleasm-2.6.18-308.el5-2.0.5-1.el5
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5
[root@rac01 /]# find / -name oracleasm
/sys/module/oracleasm
/lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/drivers/addon/oracleasm
/proc/fs/oracleasm
/usr/lib/oracleasm
/usr/sbin/oracleasm
/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracleasm
/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm
/dev/oracleasm
/var/log/oracleasm
####配置ASMlib，再使用ASMlib之前，必须运行配置脚本准备驱动程序
/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
/etc/init.d/oracleasm enable
####检查驱动加载情况
[root@rac01 dev]# lsmod | grep oracleasm
检查oracleasmfs文件系统：
[root@rac01 ~]# df -a |head -1;df -a | grep oracleasm
asm disk创建成功后，会在/dev/oracleasm/disks目录下有相应的文件
[root@rac01 ~]# cat /var/log/oracleasm 及时查看日志 创建asm磁盘 [root@rac01 ~]# fdisk -l [root@rac01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf
[root@rac01 ~]# partprobe [root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm --help [root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk ARCHVOL1 /dev/sde1 [root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk CRSVOL1 /dev/sdc1 [root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATAVOL1 /dev/sdf1 [root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm createdisk FLASHVOL1 /dev/sdd1
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm scandisks [root@rac02 ~]# oracleasm listdisks ARCHVOL1 CRSVOL1 DATAVOL1 FLASHVOL1 [root@rac02 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -p ARCHVOL1
Disk "ARCHVOL1" is a valid ASM disk
/dev/sde1: LABEL="ARCHVOL1" TYPE="oracleasm"
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d ARCHVOL1
Disk "ARCHVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sde1[8,65]
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d CRSVOL1
Disk "CRSVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sdc1[8,33]
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d DATAVOL1
Disk "DATAVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sdf1[8,81]
[root@rac01 ~]# oracleasm querydisk -d FLASHVOL1
Disk "FLASHVOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device /dev/sdd1[8,49]
SQL> select * from v$asm_client;
SQL> select * from v$asm_diskgroup; 4块盘，4个磁盘组
http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/6134071 ASM 磁盘、目录的管理
创建asm磁盘组 切换到 grid 用户下，执行 ASMCA 创建 ASM 磁盘组 要在 ASM diskgroup 上创建 Oracle ADVM volume，diskgroup 的 COMPATIBLE.ASM和COMPATIBLE.ADVM兼容性必须 设置为 11.2.0.2。 可以在创建磁盘组时选择“Advanced Options”设置diskgroup的该属性，也可以通过 sql 命令创建磁盘组或者修改磁盘组的该属性，创建Oracle ADVM volume ASMCMD [+] > volcreate -G GOLDENGATE -s 1900m GOLDENGATE创建Oracle ACFS 文件系统 [root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/mkfs -t acfs /dev/asm/goldengate-257 在节点1和2上分别创建 ACFS 文件系统的挂载点 在集群 mount registery 中注册刚刚创建的 ACFS 文件系统，也可以不注册，直接手动挂载。注册 ACFS 文件系统的好处是在集群每隔30秒检查 mount registery 时会在每个节点自动挂载该文件系统，同时当集群软件或系统重启后也会自动挂载该文件系统。 [root@rac1 ~]# /sbin/acfsutil registry -a /dev/asm/goldengate-257 /home/oracle/ggs acfsutil registry: mount point /home/oracle/ggs successfully added to Oracle Registry 手动挂载命令如下： [root@rac1 ~]# /bin/mount -t acfs /dev/asm/goldengate-257 /home/oracle/ggs 执行注册命令后等待30秒，然后在各节点查看ACFS文件系统是否挂载 [root@rac1 ~]# df -h [root@rac2 ~]# df -h测试文件系统 [root@rac1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/ggs 第一节点 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo "Oracle ACFS File System" > /home/oracle/ggs/acfs.log [oracle@rac1 ggs]$ more /home/oracle/ggs/acfs.log Oracle ACFS File System 第二节点 [oracle@rac2 ~]$ more /home/oracle/ggs/acfs.log Oracle ACFS File System####下面是一个已设置好的实例，所以只查看相关信息 [root@rac02 ~]# su - grid [grid@rac02 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID +ASM2
####如果没有上面的，就会连接到一个空的实例上
[oracle@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD>
[grid@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd -p perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:LANGUAGE = (unset),LC_ALL = (unset),LANG = "en_US.UTF-8:zh_CN.gb2312"are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:LANGUAGE = (unset),LC_ALL = (unset),LANG = "en_US.UTF-8:zh_CN.gb2312"are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). ASMCMD [+] > lsdg State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 102398 156 0 156 0 N ARCH/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 5115 4719 0 4719 0 N CRS/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 1454313 1094832 0 1094832 0 N DATA/ MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 102398 99715 0 99715 0 N FLASH/ ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk Path ORCL:ARCHVOL1 ORCL:CRSVOL1 ORCL:DATAVOL1 ORCL:FLASHVOL1 ASMCMD [+] > lsct DB_Name Status Software_Version Compatible_version Instance_Name Disk_Group +ASM CONNECTED 11.2.0.1.0 11.2.0.1.0 +ASM2 CRS asmvol CONNECTED 11.2.0.1.0 11.2.0.1.0 +ASM2 ARCH bus CONNECTED 11.2.0.1.0 11.2.0.0.0 bus DATA bus CONNECTED 11.2.0.1.0 11.2.0.0.0 bus FLASH ASMCMD [+] > help lsoflsof [-G dgroup] [--dbname dbname] [-C clientinstname]Lists the open files in an ASM instance.[--dbname <dbname>] list files only from database <dbname>[-G <dgname>] list files only from from disk group <dgname>[-C <clientinstname>] list files only from instance <clientinstname> ASMCMD [+] > lsof --dbname asmvol DB_Name Instance_Name Path asmvol +ASM2 +arch/ARCHLV.256.828288767 ASMCMD [+] > lsof --dbname bus DB_Name Instance_Name Path bus bus +data/bus/changetracking/ctf.1271.843239387 bus bus +data/bus/controlfile/current.507.843164017 bus bus +data/bus/datafile/example.263.843164031 ASMCMD [+] > volstatDISKGROUP NUMBER / NAME: 1 / ARCH ---------------------------------------VOLUME_NAMEREADS BYTES_READ READ_TIME READ_ERRSWRITES BYTES_WRITTEN WRITE_TIME WRITE_ERRS-------------------------------------------------------------ARCHLV353545 1892142080 1645824 0783821 2734544384 271266462 0 ASMCMD [+] > volinfo -G ARCH ARCHLV Diskgroup Name: ARCHVolume Name: ARCHLVVolume Device: /dev/asm/archlv-215State: ENABLEDSize (MB): 102144Resize Unit (MB): 256Redundancy: UNPROTStripe Columns: 4Stripe Width (K): 128Usage: ACFSMountpath: /archive ASMCMD [+] > pwd + ASMCMD [+] > ls ARCH/ CRS/ DATA/ FLASH/ ASMCMD [+] > cd flash ASMCMD [+flash] > ls BUS/ FLT/ MAN/ ASMCMD [+crs/rac-cluster] > du ocrfile Used_MB Mirror_used_MB262 262 ASMCMD [+data/bus/tempfile] > ls -l Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name TEMPFILE UNPROT COARSE NOV 19 23:00:00 Y TEMP.266.843164027 ASMCMD [+data/bus] > iostat Group_Name Dsk_Name Reads Writes ARCH ARCHVOL1 5443584 24576 CRS CRSVOL1 17080320 876544 DATA DATAVOL1 17450538885632 314646368768 FLASH FLASHVOL1 156485553152 334937889792 ASMCMD [+data/bus] > iostat --io Group_Name Dsk_Name Reads Writes ARCH ARCHVOL1 858 6 CRS CRSVOL1 3944 214 DATA DATAVOL1 81064919 63843900 FLASH FLASHVOL1 1021520 58893700 ASMCMD [+data/bus] > iostat -t Group_Name Dsk_Name Reads Writes Read_Time Write_Time ARCH ARCHVOL1 5455872 24576 .7 .024 CRS CRSVOL1 17092608 876544 3.835 .371 DATA DATAVOL1 17450540815360 314649198080 2107092.656861 160237.009142 FLASH FLASHVOL1 156485630976 334939702784 3062.787 715411.780234 ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lsdsk --statisticsReads Write Read_Errs Write_Errs Read_time Write_Time Bytes_Read Bytes_Written Voting_File Path864 6 0 0 .703 .024 5480448 24576 N ORCL:ARCHVOL13950 214 0 0 3.838 .371 17117184 876544 Y ORCL:CRSVOL1 81065249 63844864 0 0 2107092.775861 160237.608142 17450545494016 314653874176 N ORCL:DATAVOL11021534 58894546 0 0 3062.794 715412.346234 156485753856 334941920256 N ORCL:FLASHVOL1 ASMCMD [+data/bus] > help lsodlsod [-H] [-G <group>] [--process <proc>] [disk]Displays the open devices-G <group> Filters devices belonging to diskgroup <group>--process <proc> Filters processes of name <proc>.<disk> Filters disks of name <disk>.-H Suppresses column header from the output.ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lsod Instance Process OSPID Path 2 oracle@rac02 (DBW0) 9187 ORCL:ARCHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (DBW0) 9187 ORCL:CRSVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (DBW0) 9187 ORCL:DATAVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (DBW0) 9187 ORCL:FLASHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (GMON) 9209 ORCL:ARCHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (GMON) 9209 ORCL:CRSVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (GMON) 9209 ORCL:DATAVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (GMON) 9209 ORCL:FLASHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (LGWR) 9191 ORCL:ARCHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (LGWR) 9191 ORCL:CRSVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (LGWR) 9191 ORCL:DATAVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (LGWR) 9191 ORCL:FLASHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:ARCHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:ARCHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:CRSVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:CRSVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:DATAVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:DATAVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:FLASHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (RBAL) 9205 ORCL:FLASHVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (TNS V1-V3) 9279 ORCL:CRSVOL1 2 oracle@rac02 (VBG0) 9245 ORCL:ARCHVOL1 ASMCMD [+data/bus] > help lstmpllstmpl [-Hl] [-G dgname] [pattern]Lists ASM templates in a disk group.[-G dgname] shows the templates that belong to a certain disk group.[-l] shows detailed information about the templates.[-H] supress headers.[pattern] filter out template names that match a given pattern.ASMCMD [+data/bus] > lstmpl Group_Name Group_Num Name ARCH 1 ARCHIVELOG ARCH 1 ASMPARAMETERBAKFILE ARCH 1 ASMPARAMETERFILE ARCH 1 ASM_STALE ARCH 1 AUTOBACKUP ARCH 1 BACKUPSET ASMCMD [+data/bus] > help lspwusrlspwusr [-H]List the users from an orapwd file.[-H] suppress headersASMCMD [+data/bus] > lspwusr Username sysdba sysoper sysasmSYS TRUE TRUE TRUEASMSNMP TRUE FALSE FALSESYSASM FALSE FALSE TRUE
多实例的启动，先启动asm实例，再启动bus或man实例。
1.13 启动 ASM 数据库的步骤
由于启动 ASM 数据库必须要先启动ASM 实例, 所以基本上启动步骤如下.
1) 先启动ASM实例
$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup;
SQL> exit;
2) 再启动数据库
$ export ORACLE_SID=EUIS
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup;
SQL> exit;
单instance使用ASMrac环境使用ASM使用ASM必须先启动CSS服务，只有启动ASM服务，ASM磁盘组才可以被挂载Cluster Synchronization Services daemon[root@rac02 bin]# ./localconfig add 启动CSS服务[root@rac02 bin]# find /u01 -name localconfig /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/utl/localconfig11g里没有localconfig了。你需要安装grid。用crs_start 命令来启动，要单独用GRID软件Oracle Grid Infrastructure http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/index-094679-zhs.html[root@rac02 bin]# su - oracle [oracle@rac02 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM [oracle@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd Connected to an idle instance. ASMCMD> startup ERROR: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges Enter password: ERROR: ORA-01005: null password given; logon denied Connected to an idle instance.查看自己的环境变量 export ORACLE_BASE=/grid export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.3 跟运行的不一样，所以所环境变量改好就行了。ASMCMD-08102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run11G R2 有专门的grid用户维护ASM和cluster ware 而且你看看你的ASMinstance到底启动了没？ 看看进程也行啊两种方式 sqlplus / as sysasm和grid用户的asmcmd命令11g r2 不能用 sqlplus / as sysdba这样启动的 用 sqlplus / as sysasmps -ef | grep asm*从上面看，ASM instance好像已经起来了 但是我使用grid 用户，asmcmd 进去之后，任何的命令都无法执行 报错提示全部都是：ASMCMD-08102: no connection to ASM; command requires ASM to run我用 sysasm 启动也是这样，说已经有实例在运行了，现在关也关不掉，难道让我重启服务器吗？正如楼上说的，这是环境变量设置错误的结果 我当时做实验的时候没有新建grid用户，所以，我的操作是 export ORACLE_SID=+ASM export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid可以看出diskgroup没有mount,所以先把diskgroup mount